التنظيمات و القوانين الإصلاحية في الدولة العثمانية 1839-1861 م

Study subject: The Ottoman Empire witnessed a reform movement in which some of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire contributed, whether in moving the reform process or supporting the reformers who had the largest role in these reforms . The research reviewed the reformers in the state and opponents of reforms and the lines of Kul Khanna and Humayun and the factors driving their issuance and other reform laws and the new law of 1851 AD and the penal laws of the year 1858 and the Code of Judicial Procedure, then the judiciary and courts and then the new administration in the era of organizations . Objectives of the study: The study aims to discuss several hypotheses trying to find solutions, which are whether the reformist organizations and laws in the Ottoman Empire achieved their goals by relying on the information contained in the sources Study questions : The study attempts to answer : 1- The possibility of adopting the results returned from the reformist organizations and laws in the Ottoman Empire . 2- Were the reformist regulations and laws in the Ottoman Empire negative or positive ? Study Methodology: The study depends on the analytical descriptive approach, the subject of the study, in which the focus is on historical information and its analysis according to historical and scientific data aimed at clarifying the importance of information that can be relied upon in the study of reforms, regulations and laws in the Ottoman Empire . The limits of the study: 1- Temporal limits: relate to the historical period in which the study was determined, which is the period 1839-1861 AD. 2- Spatial boundaries: it is the site in which the study was conducted, which is the Ottoman Empire . 3- Objective limits related to the subject of the study, which is about reformist regulations and laws in the Ottoman Empire from 1839-1861 AD . Study sources : The study relied on Ottoman documents and a variety of Arab, foreign and Arabized sources and periodicals related to the subject. موضوع الدراسة: شهدت الدولة الشانية حركة اصلاحية اسهم فيها بعض سلاطين الدولة العثمائية سواء في تحريك عملية الاصلاح او دعم المصلحين الذين كان لهم الدور الأكبر في هذه الإصلاحات. وقد استعرض البحث المصلحون في الدولة ومعارضي الاصلاحات وخطي كول خائة وهمايون والعوامل الدافعة لصدورهما والقوائين الإصلاحية الأخرى والفائون الجديد لسئة ١٨٥١م وقوائين نامة الجزائية لسئة ١٨٥٨ وقانون أصول المحاكمات الحقوقية ثم القضاء والمحاكم ثم الإدارة الجديدة في عهد التنظيمات. أهداف الدراسة: تهدف الدراسة إلى مناقشة عدة فرضيات