The role of neuropeptides in the control of regional immunity

Abstract Neuropeptides (NPs) and neurotransmitters are a heterogeneous group of soluble factors that make into connection the neuro-endocrine and immune system. NPs, including sostance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), released by nerves that innervate the skin, can modulate the action of innate and adaptative skin immunity as well as the skin cells functions. Their role has been pointed out in several inflammatory skin diseases, as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, etc, and in the isotopic response. Further progress in understanding the various processes that modulate the interactions of the nervous and the skin immune system is essential to develop effective treatment for inflammatory skin conditions with neurogenic component and for understanding signs and symptoms in the isotopic response and, more in general, in the control of global and regional immunity.