SUVmax of18 FDG PET/CT as a predictor of high-risk endometrial cancer patients

Abstract Objective To evaluate SUVmax in the assessment of endometrial cancer preoperatively with particular focus on myometrial invasion (MI), cervical invasion (CI), FIGO stage, risk-stratification and lymph node metastases (LNM). Methods A total of 268 women with endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia underwent FDG PET/CT imaging before surgical treatment. SUVmax of the primary tumour was compared with histological prognostic factors. Results SUVmax was significantly higher in patients with high FIGO stages (p < 0.0001), deep MI (p = 0.002), CI (p = 0.04), LNM (p = 0.04) and high risk tumours (p = 0.003). Linear regression found that SUVmax was dependent of MI (p = 0.001, 95% CI 2.863–11.098), CI (p = 0.001, 95% CI 2.896–11.499), risk (p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.077–0.397), LNM (p = 0.04, 95% CI 0.011–0.482) and FIGO stage (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.158–0.473). Conclusions Preoperative PET/CT scanning and SUVmax measurements of the primary tumour may provide additional clinical and prognostic information about MI, CI, LNM and high risk disease in patients with endometrial cancer and allow for individualization of patient care. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the SUVmax in staging endometrial cancer is not high enough to reliably replace surgical staging.