Development of Biodegradable Implants for use in Maxillofacial Surgery

Because of problems associated with traditional methods of reducing maxillofacial fractures such as those typically sustained in military conflicts, materials for alternative techniques have been investigated. The ideal fixation system should provide initial rigidity but then gradually weaken so that the new forming bone is exercised. Biodegradable polymers can be molded into fixation appliances and are one method of providing gradually declining strength. By themselves, however, these polymers cannot provide the stiffness necessary for initial fracture stabilization. Resorbable calcium metaphosphate fibers have been prepared for the reinforcement of biodegradable polymers by drawing from the surface of a melt. Using a lamination technique, resorable composite plates have been prepared for the reinforcement of biodegradable polymers by drawing from the surface of a melt. Using a lamination technique, resorbable composite plates have been prepared with stiffness and strength similar to that of healthy bone. When used in a fixation appliance, this composite material should slowly resorb in a time frame similar to that needed for the fracture to heal, thus resulting in strong, healthy bone. Work is continuing on optimizing the strength and degradation rate of this composite as well as improving the processability of the reinforcing fibers. Keywords: Resorbable implant; Bone plate; Fracture fixation; Calcium metaphosphate; Composite; Bone fractures.