Evaluation of Commercially Available Fluid Warming Devices for Use in Forward Surgical and Combat Areas

The fluid-warming capabilities of four individual fluid warmers, i.e. Level 1, FMS 2000, Thermal Angel, and Ranger, were compared to evaluate their potential for medical use i forward military echelons of care. Lactated Ringer's solution(LR) and Hextend at room temperature (20 Degrees C) or ref...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Dubick, Michael A, Brooks, Daniel E, Macaitis, Joseph M, Bice, Terry G, Moreau, Aimee R, Holcomb, John B
Format:	Report
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Anatomy and Physiology COMBAT AREAS ERYTHROCYTES FLUID WARMERS FLUID-WARMING DEVICES FLUIDS HEATING HYPOTHERMIA LR(LACTATED RINGERS) MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Medical Facilities, Equipment and Supplies Medicine and Medical Research MILITARY MEDICINE RESUSCITATION ROOM TEMPERATURE SURGERY TEST AND EVALUATION TRAUMA WOUNDS AND INJURIES
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Zusammenfassung:	The fluid-warming capabilities of four individual fluid warmers, i.e. Level 1, FMS 2000, Thermal Angel, and Ranger, were compared to evaluate their potential for medical use i forward military echelons of care. Lactated Ringer's solution(LR) and Hextend at room temperature (20 Degrees C) or refrigerated temperature (4-7 Degrees C) and packed red blood cells at 4 degrees C to seven Degrees C were used with each warmer at two different flow rates. The FMS 2000 consistently warmed all fluids to approximately 37 Degrees C, regardless of the starting temperature or flow rate. The Level 1 and Ranger also efficiently warmed all fluids except cold LR to approximately 37 Degrees C. Published in Military Medicine, v170 n1 p76-82, January 2005.