Human Analogue Models for computer-Aided Design and Engineering Applications

A review of six computerized human analogue models (SAMMIE, COMBIMAN, CREW CHIEF, CAR, JACK, and SAFEWORK) was conducted to identify the state-of-the- art in ergonomic modeling software. All of the models included here demonstrate some utility as ergonomic design tools and were developed so that materiel designers and engineers can conduct preliminary human factors analysis prior to prototype construction. These human figure models vary widely with respect to primary function and analytical capabilities. However, they essentially fall within one or more of the following categories: anthropometric accommodation analysis, biomechanical/strength modeling, or human-machine interface analysis. This report includes the developmental background of each model, the hardware requirements, and the major functions provided by each system, e.g., reach/ clearance analysis, vision analysis, strength modeling, and computer simulation. The underlying anthropometric databases that support model generation are also reviewed. In addition, the techniques used to construct the human figures in terms of skeletal link structure and geometric representation of body segment shape and volume are discussed. Finally, some challenges are presented that confront future refinement of human figure models.