JP-4 Fuel Storage Emissions

JP-4 vapors from underground fixed roof storage tanks were analyzed for hydrocarbon concentration by Gas Chromatography using a Flame Ionization Detector. Results are compared with predictions based on American Petroleum Institute correlations. Since Air Force tanks are normally refilled within 24 hours of emptying, only turnover times of 24 hours and less were considered. It was found that within 24 hours tank air reached only 75-85 percent of saturation for JP-4. At turnover times of 7.5 hours and less a marked layering of vapor concentration could be measured in the expelled air. Actual mass emissions are less than predicted by equations because of the rapid turnover and consequential reduction in vapor concentration. Data presented provide a basis for calculating a rough estimate for hydrocarbon mass emitted based on fuel storage temperature. Actual mass emissions measured during the study varied from 0.6 to 1.5 lb/1000 gal of JP-4 transferred while the fuel temperature ranged from 51 F to 79 F. (Author)