Electromagnetic Fields in the Ocean and Electroreceptive Fish

This report considers the possibility of the detection of dipole fields by electrosensing fish. In particular, a skate(Raja clavata) which is sensitive to threshold electric fields of 1 microvolt/meter has been examined. The results indicate that skates detect electric dipole fields at short distanc...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Satorius, E H
Format:	Report
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	BIOELECTRICITY Bionics CHONDRICHTHYES DETECTORS DIPOLES ELECTRIC DIPOLES ELECTRIC ORGANS(BIOLOGY) ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ELECTRORECEPTIVE FISHES EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY LONG RANGE(DISTANCE) MAGNETIC DIPOLES NARROWBAND NOISE(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC) OCEANS PASSIVE SYSTEMS RAJA CLAVATA SEA WATER SENSE ORGANS SHARKS SKATES(FISHES) THRESHOLDS(PHYSIOLOGY)
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	This report considers the possibility of the detection of dipole fields by electrosensing fish. In particular, a skate(Raja clavata) which is sensitive to threshold electric fields of 1 microvolt/meter has been examined. The results indicate that skates detect electric dipole fields at short distances (approximately 100 m at f=0, 1, or 10 Hz and for dipole source current moments on the order of 60 A-m). A comparison between the electric dipole sensing capabilities of skates and artificial systems is also made. In general, it appears that the optimum single-element manmade sensing system is superior to the skate for purposes of long-range detection of narrowband, extremely low-frequency signals.