Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water
For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness...
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| creator | Gauss ,Roger C Kunz,Edward L Fialkowski,Joseph M Menis,Richard |
| description | For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness and volume heterogeneity contributions, so that reverberation levels can vary dramatically, depending on the local geology. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performed LF and MF, direct-path bottom backscattering strength (BBS) measurements at 105 sites over 6 experiments in 5 distinct environments from 1993 to 2005. This report presents the BBS results from these experiments, as well as empirical fits to the MF results. |
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Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness and volume heterogeneity contributions, so that reverberation levels can vary dramatically, depending on the local geology. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performed LF and MF, direct-path bottom backscattering strength (BBS) measurements at 105 sites over 6 experiments in 5 distinct environments from 1993 to 2005. This report presents the BBS results from these experiments, as well as empirical fits to the MF results.</description><language>eng</language><subject>Acoustic Detection and Detectors ; Acoustics ; active sonar ; backscattering ; BBS(Bottom scattering strength) ; bottom reverberation ; data processing ; low frequencies ; mid-frequency ; Reverberation ; seabed ; sonar signals ; surface roughness ; Underwater acoustics</subject><creationdate>2017</creationdate><rights>Approved For Public Release</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,778,883,27554,27555</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1030090$$EView_record_in_DTIC$$FView_record_in_$$GDTIC$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gauss ,Roger C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kunz,Edward L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fialkowski,Joseph M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menis,Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC WASHINGTON United States</creatorcontrib><title>Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water</title><description>For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness and volume heterogeneity contributions, so that reverberation levels can vary dramatically, depending on the local geology. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performed LF and MF, direct-path bottom backscattering strength (BBS) measurements at 105 sites over 6 experiments in 5 distinct environments from 1993 to 2005. This report presents the BBS results from these experiments, as well as empirical fits to the MF results.</description><subject>Acoustic Detection and Detectors</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>active sonar</subject><subject>backscattering</subject><subject>BBS(Bottom scattering strength)</subject><subject>bottom reverberation</subject><subject>data processing</subject><subject>low frequencies</subject><subject>mid-frequency</subject><subject>Reverberation</subject><subject>seabed</subject><subject>sonar signals</subject><subject>surface roughness</subject><subject>Underwater acoustics</subject><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>report</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>report</recordtype><sourceid>1RU</sourceid><recordid>eNrjZHByyi8pyc9VcEpMzi5OTiwpSS3KzEtXCC4pSs1LL8koVvBNTSwuLUpNUcjMUwjOSMzJyS9XSMxLUXBJTS1QCE8EqudhYE1LzClO5YXS3Awybq4hzh66KSWZyfHFJZl5qSXxji6GBsYGBpYGxgSkASzbLpQ</recordid><startdate>20170118</startdate><enddate>20170118</enddate><creator>Gauss ,Roger C</creator><creator>Kunz,Edward L</creator><creator>Fialkowski,Joseph M</creator><creator>Menis,Richard</creator><scope>1RU</scope><scope>BHM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170118</creationdate><title>Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water</title><author>Gauss ,Roger C ; Kunz,Edward L ; Fialkowski,Joseph M ; Menis,Richard</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-dtic_stinet_AD10300903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>reports</rsrctype><prefilter>reports</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acoustic Detection and Detectors</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>active sonar</topic><topic>backscattering</topic><topic>BBS(Bottom scattering strength)</topic><topic>bottom reverberation</topic><topic>data processing</topic><topic>low frequencies</topic><topic>mid-frequency</topic><topic>Reverberation</topic><topic>seabed</topic><topic>sonar signals</topic><topic>surface roughness</topic><topic>Underwater acoustics</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gauss ,Roger C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kunz,Edward L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fialkowski,Joseph M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menis,Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC WASHINGTON United States</creatorcontrib><collection>DTIC Technical Reports</collection><collection>DTIC STINET</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gauss ,Roger C</au><au>Kunz,Edward L</au><au>Fialkowski,Joseph M</au><au>Menis,Richard</au><aucorp>NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC WASHINGTON United States</aucorp><format>book</format><genre>unknown</genre><ristype>RPRT</ristype><btitle>Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water</btitle><date>2017-01-18</date><risdate>2017</risdate><abstract>For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness and volume heterogeneity contributions, so that reverberation levels can vary dramatically, depending on the local geology. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performed LF and MF, direct-path bottom backscattering strength (BBS) measurements at 105 sites over 6 experiments in 5 distinct environments from 1993 to 2005. This report presents the BBS results from these experiments, as well as empirical fits to the MF results.</abstract><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acoustic Detection and Detectors Acoustics active sonar backscattering BBS(Bottom scattering strength) bottom reverberation data processing low frequencies mid-frequency Reverberation seabed sonar signals surface roughness Underwater acoustics |
| title | Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water |
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