Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water

Bottom Backscattering Strengths Measured in Shallow and Deep Water

For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser: Gauss ,Roger C, Kunz,Edward L, Fialkowski,Joseph M, Menis,Richard
Format: Report
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Acoustic Detection and Detectors
Acoustics
active sonar
backscattering
BBS(Bottom scattering strength)
bottom reverberation
data processing
low frequencies
mid-frequency
Reverberation
seabed
sonar signals
surface roughness
Underwater acoustics
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:For a low-frequency (LF; 1 kHz) or mid-frequency (MF; 1 to 10 kHz) active sonar, scattering from the seafloor, coupled with propagation conditions, can severely limit the detectability of returns from features of interest. Acoustic scattering from the seabed can be a complex mix of surface roughness and volume heterogeneity contributions, so that reverberation levels can vary dramatically, depending on the local geology. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) performed LF and MF, direct-path bottom backscattering strength (BBS) measurements at 105 sites over 6 experiments in 5 distinct environments from 1993 to 2005. This report presents the BBS results from these experiments, as well as empirical fits to the MF results.