THE UNDERWATER VISIBILITY OF COLORS WITH ARTIFICIAL ILLUMINATION

THE UNDERWATER VISIBILITY OF COLORS WITH ARTIFICIAL ILLUMINATION

The visibility of various colors underwater with artificial illumination has been measured in three different bodies of water chosen to sample a continuum from clear to turbid. Subjects were SCUBA divers who observed the colors at night, using a mercury or and incandescent light source. The visibili...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser: Kinney, JoAnn S, Luria, S M, Weitzman, Donald O
Format: Report
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Anatomy and Physiology
CAMOUFLAGE
COLORS
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
MERCURY LAMPS
Optics
RIVERS
SCUBA DIVERS
SEA WATER
TARGETS
TEST EQUIPMENT
TEST METHODS
TURBIDITY
UNDERWATER
UNDERWATER LIGHTS
VISIBILITY
VISUAL PERCEPTION
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:The visibility of various colors underwater with artificial illumination has been measured in three different bodies of water chosen to sample a continuum from clear to turbid. Subjects were SCUBA divers who observed the colors at night, using a mercury or and incandescent light source. The visibility results show numerous interactions among color, fluorescence, type of light source, and type of water; from them, it is possible to select the optimum combination to be used under a wide variety of conditions. Colors are specified that will (1) maximize visibility, (2) provide the best camouflage, and (3) allow distinct color differences in appearance for use in color coding. These results are summarized in terms of the colors that are most effective for use under various operational conditions encountered underwater.