CYBER RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: VULNERABILITIES, THREATS, AND GLOBAL RESPONSE STRATEGIES

This paper is a synthesis of cyberattacks and remediation measures at several major pharmaceutical companies, based on publicly available data. It examines notable incidents such as ransomware attacks on Merck, spear-phishing on Pfizer, and cyber espionage targeting Moderna, highlighting the operational disruptions, data breaches, and financial impacts these companies faced. The paper also evaluates the remediation strategies implemented, including enhanced cybersecurity infrastructure, data encryption, employee training, and operational continuity plans. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive and proactive approach to cybersecurity in mitigating the risks and minimizing the impact of future attacks on the pharmaceutical sector.