First high-resolution tropospheric NO2 observations from the Ultraviolet Visible Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer (UVHIS)

We present a novel airborne imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument: the Ultraviolet Visible Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer (UVHIS), which is developed for trace gas monitoring and pollution mapping. Within a broad spectral range of 200 to 500 nm and operating in three channels, the spectral resolution of UVHIS is better than 0.5 nm. The optical design of each channel comprises a fore-optics with a field of view (FOV) of 40∘, an Offner imaging spectrometer and a charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector of 1032×1072 pixels. A first demonstration flight using UVHIS was conducted on 23 June 2018, above an area of approximately 600 km2 in Feicheng, China, with a spatial resolution of about 25m×22 m. Measurements of nadir backscattered solar radiation of channel 3 are used to retrieve tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 with a mean total error of3.0×1015 moleccm-2. The UVHIS instrument clearly detected several emission plumes transporting from south to north, with a peak value of 3×1016 moleccm-2 in the dominant one. The UVHIS NO2 vertical columns are consistent with the ground-based mobile DOAS observations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.65 for all co-located measurements, a correlation coefficient of 0.86 for the co-located measurements that only circled the steel factory and a slight underestimation for the polluted observations. This study demonstrates the capability of UVHIS for NO2 local emission and transmission monitoring.