Pregnancy in epileptic patients: comparison between well-established therapeutic strategies and opportunities coming from new drugs

Treating women affected by epilepsy during pregnancy is challenging. Clinicians have to consider both the teratogenic effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) and the risk of seizure recurrence. Pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy are rapid and conspicuous so that the serum concentration of drugs can be modified and the effectiveness of AEDs cannot be guaranteed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of Major Congenital Malformation (MCM) associated with AEDs treatment during the first trimester of pregnancy. We collected data from 338 patients who contacted the Teratology Information Services of XXX University Hospital and we found that only the variable monotherapy vs politherapy had statistical significance for MCM. More studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of newer AEDs.