Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and assessment of leukotoxin in periodontal disease: A clinico-microbiological study

Context: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) serotypes may add some important information of the pathogenetic background of periodontal infections. A.a leukotoxin is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and its rate of progression. When compared to minimally leukotoxic strains, variants of A.a highly leukotoxic strains produce 10-20 times more leukotoxin. Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect serotypes a, b, c, d, and e of A.a its leukotoxin and find its correlation with periodontal status. Settings and Design: Microbiological analysis and cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects (40 chronic periodontitis and 40 aggressive periodontitis) in the age range of 14-55 years were selected. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and checked for the presence of A.a. Following isolation of the organism, detection of the serotypes and leukotoxin assessment was done. Statistical Analysis Used: The proportions of A.a were calculated using descriptive statistics in terms of percentage. Chi-square test was used to find association between serotype, leukotoxin, and periodontal disease in individual group. Results: Out of 80 plaque samples, 45% tested positive for A.a. serotype b was detected in 33.33%, whereas serotype e in 8.33% samples and serotype c in 2.77% samples. Serotypes a and d were not detected in any of the samples. A combination of serotypes was seen in 47.22% of the sites. Of these 76.47% showed a combination of 2 serotypes, while 23.52%showed a combination of 3 serotypes. 8.33% showed untypable serotype. All samples had low-toxic variants of A.a. Conclusions: Serotype b and serotype e were predominant in chronic periodontitis, and serotype b was predominant in aggressive periodontitis. An association could be present between serotype and periodontal disease.