Histological characteristics of soft tissue after implanting bioceramical materials and estimation of biocompatibility

Histological evaluations of soft tissue reactions in implanted biomaterials is a long established method of investigating their biocompatibility. It is a very important procedure convenient for various biomaterials, as appropriate for soft as for hard tissue, but at the same time this method is not sufficient for a prediction of their clinic performance. The wide spread practice of this method is in the simplicity of its use in subcutaneous or intramuscular implantations on the animal model, and consequently exploring principal and surrounding tissue is very simple with screening tests for esimating the irritaton index and interaction between tissue and biomaterials. The screening tests (evaluation tests) involve implantation of biomaterials in various locations in the body, different tissue treatment as immunohistochemical tissue analysis, transmissional, scanning and confocal microscopy. Interactions among soft tissue with bioceramics and the evaluation of their cellular and tissue performance in inflammation and immunological response are the first step in the estimation of biocompatibility.