Biostimulation of green microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana using nanoparticles of MgO, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, and ZnO for increasing biodiesel production

Microalgae have the potential to become the primary source of biodiesel, catering to a wide range of essential applications such as transportation. This would allow for a significant reduction in dependence on conventional petroleum diesel. This study investigates the effect of biostimulation techniques utilizing nanoparticles of Magnesium oxide MgO, Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , and Zinc oxide ZnO to enhance the biodiesel production of Chlorella sorokiniana . By enhancing cell activity, these nanoparticles have demonstrated the ability to improve oil production and subsequently increase biodiesel production. Experimentally, each nanomaterial was introduced at a concentration of 15 mg L −1 . The results have shown that MgO nanoparticles yielded the highest biodiesel production, with a recorded yield of 61.5 mg L −1 . Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, on the other hand, facilitated lipid accumulation. ZnO nanoparticles showcased a multifaceted advantage by enhancing both growth and lipid content. Thus, it is suggested that these nanoparticles can be used effectively to increase the lipid content of microalgae. These findings highlight the potential of biostimulation strategies utilizing MgO, hydroxyapatite, and zinc oxide nanoparticles to bolster biodiesel production.