Effect of oral magnesium sulfate administration on lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 gene expression to prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic rat vessels

Aims/Introduction The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of oral magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the reduction of atherosclerosis plaques through inhibition of lectin‐like low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) gene expression in diabetic vessels. Materials and methods A total of 50 rats were divided into five groups, including non‐diabetic control, Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control, chronic diabetic, Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and insulin‐treated chronic diabetic. The induction of diabetes was carried out by streptozotocin. The Mg‐treated chronic diabetic and Mg‐treated non‐diabetic control groups were treated with 10 g/L of MgSO4 added to their drinking water. The insulin‐treated chronic diabetic group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice per day. The fasting blood glucose level and bodyweight were determined weekly. Blood pressure measurement and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were carried out after 16 weeks, and the plasma levels of Mg, lipid profile and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL) were determined. The mesenteric bed was isolated and perfused according to the McGregor method. The aorta was isolated for LOX‐1 genes and proteins expression, and pathological investigation. Results MgSO4 administration improved blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, lipid profile and plasma ox‐LDL level, and also lowered the blood glucose level to the normal range, and decreased LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Insulin decreased blood pressure, sensitivity to phenylephrine, blood glucose, lipid profiles and plasma oxLDL level, but it did not decrease LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Conclusions The present findings suggested that MgSO4 improves blood pressure and vessel structure through decreasing oxLDL, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions; however, insulin did not repair vessel structure, and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. Our findings in this study suggested that magnesium improves blood pressure and vessel structure via decreasing ox‐LDL and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions. But insulin could not repair vessel structure and LOX‐1 gene and protein expressions.