Long-Term Outcomes of Sex Differences in Three-Vessel Coronary Disease with Different Treatment Strategies: A Large Cohort Study

The information assessing sex differences in outcomes of patients with three-vessel coronary disease (TVD) after different treatment strategies is sparse. This study aimed to investigate long-term outcomes of TVD among women compared with men after medical therapy (MT) alone, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Consecutive 8943 patients with TVD were enrolled. Associations between sex and all-cause death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) were assessed. Of the 8943 patients, 1821 (20.4%) were women. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, women had comparable incidences of all-cause death (16.6% vs. 14.9%, = 0.079) and MACCE (27.2% vs. 26.1%, = 0.320) to men. After multivariable analysis, women showed lower adjusted risks of all-cause death (HR: 0.777; = 0.001) and MACCE (HR: 0.870; = 0.016) than men in the entire cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that the less all-cause death risk of women relative to men was significant in PCI (HR: 0.702; = 0.009), and CABG groups (HR: 0.708; = 0.047), but not in MT alone group. Lower MACCE risk for women vs. men was significant only in PCI group (HR: 0.821; = 0.037). However, no significant interaction between sex and three strategies was observed for all-cause death ( for interaction = 0.312) or MACCE ( for interaction = 0.228). The cardiovascular prognosis of TVD female patients is better than that of men, which has no interaction with the treatment strategies received (MT alone, PCI, or CABG).