Integrating metabolomic data with machine learning approach for discovery of Q-markers from Jinqi Jiangtang preparation against type 2 diabetes

Jinqi Jiangtang (JQJT) has been widely used in clinical practice to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. However, little research has been done to identify and classify its quality markers (Q-markers) associated with anti-diabetes bioactivity. In this study, a strategy combining mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics with backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN)-based machine learning approach was proposed to screen Q-markers from JQJT preparation. This strategy mainly involved chemical profiling of herbal medicines, statistic processing of metabolomic datasets, detection of different anti-diabetes activities and establishment of BP-ANN model. The chemical features of seventy-eight batches of JQJT extracts were first profiled by using the untargeted UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap metabolomic approach. The chemical features obtained which were associated with different anti-diabetes activities based on three modes of action were normalized, ranked, and then pre-selected by using ReliefF feature selection. BP-ANN model was then established and optimized to screen Q-markers based on mean impact value (MIV). Optimized BP-ANN architecture was established with high accuracy of R > 0.9983 and relative low error of MSE