Influence of Synthesis Conditions on Microstructure and NO₂ Sensing Properties of WO₃ Porous Films Synthesized by Non-Hydrolytic Sol⁻Gel Method

Nanostructured tungsten trioxide porous films were prepared by a non-hydrolytic sol⁻gel method following the inorganic route in which ethanol and PEG were used as the oxygen-donor and structure-directing reagent, respectively. The effects of aging time of the precursor solution, PEG content, and calcination temperature on the structure, morphology, and NO₂ sensing properties of WO₃ films were systematically investigated by using the techniques of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and gas sensing measurements. The results demonstrated that a series of WO₃ films with different microstructures could be obtained by manipulating the synthesis parameters. Furthermore, a suitable synthesis condition of WO₃ films for NO₂ sensing application was determined.