Temporal Trends in Hemoglobin, Use of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents, and Major Clinical Outcomes in Incident Dialysis Patients in Canada

Several jurisdictions have adopted a more conservative approach to anemia in patients receiving dialysis amid safety concerns from target hemoglobin studies. It is largely unknown if this has contributed to a change in clinical outcomes. A national registry was used to identify 35,945 adult patients who initiated and were maintained on dialysis for ≥90 days in Canada from January 2007 to December 2015. Outcomes were ascertained until March 2017 via linkage with hospital discharge diagnoses. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between the era of dialysis initiation and the primary composite outcome (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], stroke, or mortality). The mean hemoglobin at dialysis initiation decreased from 102.9 g/l in 2007 to 95.5 g/l in 2015, corresponding with a higher prevalence of hemoglobin