Genome-Based Identification of Heterotic Patterns in Rice

Background Hybrid rice breeding facilitates to increase grain yield and yield stability. Long-term success of hybrid breeding depends on the recognition of high-yielding complementary heterotic patterns, which is lacking in crops like rice. Result The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential and limits to use genomics for establishing heterotic patterns in rice. For this purpose, data of a commercial hybrid rice breeding program targeted to India was analyzed, including 1,960 phenotyped hybrids from three market segments and 262 genotyped parental lines. Our cross-validation study revealed that grain yield of all potential single-crosses can be accurately predicted. Based on the full matrix of hybrid performances, high-yielding heterotic patterns were identified. These heterotic patterns increased grain yield up to 9% compared to the currently employed groups. Heterotic groups of around 14 individuals reflect a good compromise between long-term and short-term selection response. Conclusions Our findings clearly underlined the benefits of a genome-based establishment of heterotic patterns in rice as a requirement for a sustainable long-term success of hybrid rice breeding.