Set Cover Model with Path-Segment Concept to Determine the Optimum Rest Areas on Toll Road as the Location of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Stations

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), especially battery-based electric vehicles (BEVs), requires battery recharging facilities. Battery charging station (BCS) is an important component in EVs ecosystem. EVs requires BCS infrastructure for battery recharging. Limited battery range in one full charge is a concern for EVs users which is often called range anxiety so the number and placement of BCS must be adequate to prevent EVs from running out of battery in the middle of the trip. This study uses the real data of Trans Java toll road network, specifically the Semarang-Ngawi section for running numerical experiment to test the performance of the proposed model. Rest areas on toll roads are considered as candidate points for BCS locations. The proposed model is a set cover model formulated into binary integer programming. The Simplex algorithm in Microsoft Excel Solver is used to find the optimum solution on numerical experiment. Four locations are found as the optimum locations of BCS, i.e rest area r3, r6, r9, and rest area r12. The novelty of this study is combining the path-based approach with node-based approach to get a more compact set cover model.