Serum Testosterone and Atherogenic Indices as an independent Risk Factor for Predicting the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-sectional Study from North Eastern Region of India

Introduction: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Dyslipidaemia is associated with the development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Atherogenic indices are emerging lipid parameters related to atherosclerosis and CAD. There is a limited amount of data regarding the relationship between CAD severity, serum testosterone, and lipid indices, especially in the northeastern region of India. Aim: To determine the relationship between serum testosterone and atherogenic indices as independent risk factors for the severity of CAD. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India, from January 2021 to October 2022, consisting of 70 male patients with CAD who underwent coronary angiography and 70 male patients without CAD. Serum total and free Testosterone (TT and fT), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed. Atherogenic indices, including the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Atherogenic Index (AI), and Castelli Risk Indices I and II (CRI-I and II), as well as the Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), were calculated using conventional lipid parameters and glucose, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of the atherogenic indices and testosterone with the severity of CAD. Results: The mean age was found to be 63.4±11.8 years in cases and 60.8±9.1 years in controls. The median (interquartile range) of AI was 5.03 (4.2, 5.9) vs 3.04 (2.2, 3.6), p