Neutral Processes Provide an Insight Into the Structure and Function of Gut Microbiota in the Cotton Bollworm

Gut-associated microbes can influence insect health and fitness. Understanding the structure of bacterial communities provides valuable insights on how different species may be selected and their functional characteristics in their hosts. The neutral model is powerful in predicting the structure of microbial communities, but its application in insects remains rare. Here, we examined the contribution of neutral processes to the gut-associated bacterial communities in caterpillars collected from different maize varieties at four locations. The gut-associated bacteria can be assigned to 37 Phyla, 119 orders, and 515 genera, with each individual gut containing 17-75% of the OTUs and 19-79% of the genera in the pooled samples of each population. The distribution patterns of most (75.59-83.74%) bacterial taxa were in good agreement with the neutral expectations. Of the remaining OTUs, some were detected in more individual hosts than would be predicted by the neutral model (i.e., above-partition), and others were detected in fewer individual hosts than predicted by the neutral model (i.e., below-partition). The bacterial taxa in the above-partitions were potentially selected by the caterpillar hosts, while the bacteria in the below-partitions may be preferentially eliminated by the hosts. Moreover, the gut-associated microbiota seemed to vary between maize varieties and locations, so ecological parameters outside hosts can affect the bacterial communities. Therefore, the structure of gut microbiota in the caterpillar was mainly determined by stochastic processes, and the bacteria in the above-partition warrant further investigation for their potential roles in the caterpillar host.