Monitoring low-value care in medical patients from Swiss university hospitals using a Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) national data stream and patient and public involvement: LUCID study protocol

IntroductionHealthcare practices providing minimal or no benefit to recipients have been estimated to represent 20% of healthcare costs. However, defining, measuring and monitoring low-value care (LVC) and its downstream consequences remain a major challenge. The purpose of the National Data Stream (LUCID NDS) is to identify and monitor LVC in medical inpatients using routinely collected hospital data.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a multistep approach to the identification and surveillance of LVC: (1) creating an NDS based on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles using routinely collected hospital data from medical inpatients who signed a general consent for data reuse from 2014 onwards; (2) selecting recommendations applicable to medical inpatients using data from LUCID NDS to develop a comprehensive and robust set of LVC indicators; (3) establishing expert consensus on the most relevant and actionable recommendations to prevent LVC; (4) applying the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy methodology to assess the level of evidence of recommendations; (5) involving patients and the public at various stages of LUCID NDS; and (6) designing monitoring rules within the LUCID NDS and validating quality measures.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics committees of all five participating university hospitals (Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich) approved LUCID NDS as a national registry on quality of care. We will disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed journals, at professional conferences, and through short reports sent to participating entities and stakeholders; moreover, lay summaries are provided for patients and the broader public on our webpage (www.LUCID-nds.ch).