Improvement of microwave absorption properties of polyester coatings using NiFe2O4, X-doped g-C3N4 (X = S, P, and O), and MTiO3 (M = Fe, Mg, and Zn) nanofillers

In recent decades, to reduce electromagnetic pollution, scientists focus on finding new microwave absorbers with effective performance, thin thickness, and broad bandwidth. In this work, the nanoparticles of NiFe 2 O 4 , X-doped g-C 3 N 4 (M = S, P, and O), and MTiO 3 (M = Fe, Mg, and Zn) were successfully synthesized using co-precipitation, specific heat program, and semi-wet sol–gel methods, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were utilized as absorption agents and polyester resin as the matrix. Morphology, particle size, crystal structure, and chemical composition of the prepared nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), respectively. The microwave absorption performance of the coatings was also investigated by a vector network analyzer (VNA). Moreover, the effect of different parameters on the performance of absorbent coatings was studied by the Taguchi method and optimized to achieve an optimal absorbent. The results showed that the optimal nanocomposite has the reflectance loss (RL) less than − 30 dB (equal to absorption > 99%) at a high-frequency range (8–12 GHz) and 1 mm thickness. Furthermore, the addition of such novel nanoparticles to absorbents resulted in high values of attenuation constant (more than 200 dB/m) at the X-band. Therefore, the polyester coating filled with ZnTiO 3 , O-doped g-C 3 N 4 , and NiFe 2 O 4 nanofillers can be considered a high-efficiency and low-density absorber.