Rotenoids and Isoflavones from Xeroderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonça & E.P. Souza and Their Biological Activities

The phytochemical study of the ethanolic extract of the leaf of led to the isolation of five hitherto unreported compounds including two isoflavones ( - ), and three rotenoids ( - ), along with eight known isoflavonoid derivatives ( - ) and one pterocarpan derivative ( ). The structures of the new compounds and those of the known ones were established by the spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric (HRESIMS) techniques as well as a comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The leaf extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial effects against nine bacterial strains. Compounds , , and showed a significant antibacterial effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 62.5 µg/mL each, against , , , and , respectively. In addition, the leaf extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for their antifungal effects against four fungal strains. The hexane fraction showed a significant antifungal effect with an MIC value of 125 µg/mL against , whereas compounds , , and showed significant antifungal activity with an MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL, each against , , and , respectively.