Geographic characterization of the tuberculosis epidemiology in iran using a geographical information system

Background: Medical geographic information systems (Medical GIS) has a pronounced capacity to help us understand infectious disease epidemiology, and the transmission of pathogens in a defined geographical area over time. This could not only help us increase the understanding of public health, but also be a most useful base for medical intervention as improved infection control where it is most needed. In this study, we applied GIS to characterize Tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in Iran. TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a severe bacterial infection that can be transmitted among humans and more than 10 million people develop active TB every year and with a mortality of 1.4 million. Methods: In this cross-sectional study carried out on 3710 tuberculosis patients who had been diagnosed in 2013 to 2017 at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, we aimed to explore the geographic and gender patterns of tuberculosis in Iran using GIS. Results: Results showed that the number of patients with tuberculosis was highest in Tehran city, despite the fact that it is the richest and most developed city of Iran and that the tuberculosis dispersion reflected by GIS revealed a significant geographical heterogeneity. Conclusion: These results could be useful to establish and implement new guidelines for effective control strategies in geographic areas with the highest prevalence of tuberculosis.