Pancreatic tuberculosis mimicking a neoplastic mass in an immunosuppressed patient who also presented adenopathy syndrome: Case report

Pancreatic tuberculosis is unusual, with an incidence reported to be less than 4,7 % worldwide. We report the case of a 32-year-old man recently diagnosed with HIV whose adenopathy syndrome was understudy. Lymph node cervical and bone marrow biopsies were performed without evidence of neoplastic infiltration, fungal infection, or tuberculosis. He arrived at the emergency room for acute band abdominal pain radiating to the back. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a mass in the head of the pancreas which generates intra- and extrahepatic bile duct dilation. Serial sputum, PPD, Genexpert, bronchoscopy and ultrasound fine needle aspiration biopsy were negative for tuberculosis, with no evidence of microorganisms or malignancy; cultures results pending. A second biopsy was requested using a No. 19 needle reporting a necrotizing process with acid-fast bacilli, compatible with tuberculosis, and the pending cultures results were positive for the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, confirming the diagnosis. Clinical awareness of pancreatic tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients in our country, may lead to faster and accurate diagnosis study and management, using minimally invasive techniques as diagnostic tools.