The Mesozoic Tectonic Transition from Compression to Extension in the South China Block: Insight from Structural Deformation of the Lushan Massif, SE China

The Lushan Massif has been considered an extensional dome which represents a typical extensional structure in South China. However, the composition and structure of the Lushan Massif are still unclear. In this study, we identified the eastern detachment fault (EDF) for the first time. In addition, many sinistral strike-slip structures have also been recognized in the Lushan area, such as the Xingzi shear zone (XZSZ) and Lianhua shear zone (LHSZ). Detailed field observation and structural analysis revealed that the former sinistral faults are tectonic boundaries of the later Lushan extensional dome (LSED). The tectonic evolution sequence was established after the structural analysis combined with zircon U-Pb dating and mica 40Ar-39Ar dating of metamorphic rocks, veins, and intrusive rocks from the strike-slip fault and detachment fault. The Lushan Massif has undergone sinistral ductile shearing within 162–150 Ma. The LSED was then formed in an extensional tectonic setting from 140 to 114 Ma. Together with the regional geological setting, we believe that the sinistral strike-slip structures, represented by the XZSZ and LHSZ, are coeval with the Tanlu fault system and could be controlled by a transpressional stress field resulting from the subduction of the Pacific Plate. The LSED was formed in a back-arc extension setting resulting from the rollback of a subducted slab. The tectonic transition from compression to extension in the South China Block took place at 150–140 Ma.