Obese female mice do not exhibit overt hyperuricemia despite hepatic steatosis and impaired glucose tolerance

•Recent publications report a tight correlation between obesity and elevated circulating uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). However, nearly all preclinical work in this area has been completed with male mice leaving the field with a considerable gap in knowledge regarding female responses to obesity and hyperuricemia.•The DIO female mice had significant weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated plasma insulin levels compared to age-matched on normal chow.•The DIO female mice had increased hepatic triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester as well as elevated plasma ALT and AST compared to age-matched on normal chow.•Despite indices of DIO and NAFLD, there was no difference in circulating UA levels between the two diets in female mice. Recent reports have clearly demonstrated a tight correlation between obesity and elevated circulating uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). However, nearly all preclinical work in this area has been completed with male mice, leaving the field with a considerable gap in knowledge regarding female responses to obesity and hyperuricemia. This deficiency in sex as a biological variable extends beyond unknowns regarding uric acid (UA) to several important comorbidities associated with obesity including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To attempt to address this issue, herein we describe both phenotypic and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% calories derived from fat) for 32 weeks. The DIO female mice had significant weight gain over the course of the study, higher fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated plasma insulin levels compared to age-matched on normal chow. While these classic indices of DIO and NAFLD were observed such as increased circulating levels of ALT and AST, there was no difference in circulating UA levels. Obese female mice also demonstrated increased hepatic triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester. In addition, several markers of hepatic inflammation were significantly increased. Also, alterations in the expression of redox-related enzymes were observed in obese mice compared to lean controls including increases in extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3), heme oxygenase (Ho)-1, and xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh). Interestingly, hepatic UA levels were significantly elevated (∼2-fold) in obese mice compared to their lean counterparts. These data demonstrate