Assessing cows' mobility to determine their comfort state

Milk production and breeding of highly productive cows using modern innovative technologies have led to specific unfavorable combinations of technological factors in how cows are kept, which has significantly increased their susceptibility to developing various pathological processes in the musculoskeletal system. Lameness is the most common pathology. It is important to note that this information is based on objective evaluations and scientific research. The article is devoted to developing methodological approaches to determine the comfort state of cows based on mobility assessment. When determining the comfort state of a cow, in particular, the detection of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, a three-dimensional image of the animal was used, the position of the specified points of the animal's body was determined (tracking), the kinematic indicators of the movement of these points were calculated, the degree of bending of the animal's back during movement was assessed, complex mobility indicators were calculated, and the calculated complex mobility indicator was compared with the reference one. Based on the research results, a structural and technological scheme of a system for determining the comfort state of an animal based on the assessment of its mobility was developed, and software for video recording of movement was created. The step length, maximum step height, step duration, posture, and free state, as well as the speed of movement of healthy animals, those with single lesions and hoof ulcers were determined, and, as a result, the dynamics of changes in the accelerations of nodal points in the joints for each body link of healthy cows was revealed. The key variables of the biomechanical model for assessing the limbs of cattle (cows) are substantiated. The value of the specific force of the support reaction acting on the hooves of cows was determined: the highest value (9.8 N/kg) was observed for the concrete surface, the lowest (5 N/kg) – for rubber mats. The practical examples of the complex relationship between welfare indicators (lameness), elements of physiology (mobility), and technology (floor type) presented in the publication are recommended to be effectively used in monitoring the results of detecting gait disorders in animals and evaluating its effectiveness even in the early stages of the disease. The prospect of further research is to determine the comfort state of animals depending on environmental and climatic conditions.