High stretch cycling inhibits the morphological and biological decidual process in human endometrial stromal cells

Purpose Subendometrial myometrium exerts wave‐like activity throughout the menstrual cycle, and uterine peristalsis is markedly reduced during the implantation phase. We hypothesized that abnormal uterine peristalsis has an adverse effect on the endometrial decidualization process. We conducted an in vitro culture experiment to investigate the effect of cyclic stretch on the morphological and biological endometrial decidual process. Methods Primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were isolated from hysterectomy specimens and incubated with or without 8‐bromo‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8‐br‐cAMP) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for 3 days. After decidualization, cultures were continued for 24 hours with or without cyclic stretch using a computer‐operated cell tension system. Results Cyclic stretch significantly repressed expression of decidual markers including insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), prolactin (PRL), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and WNT4 on decidualized HESCs. In addition, cyclic stretch of decidualized HESCs affected the decidual morphological phenotype to an elongated shape. The alternation of F‐actin localization in decidualized HESCs was not observed in response to cyclic stretch. Conclusions These data suggest that cyclic stretch inhibits the morphological and biological decidual process of HESCs. Our findings imply that uterine abnormal contractions during the implantation period impair endometrial decidualization and contribute to infertility. Alterations to F‐actin localization in non‐decidualized HESCs and decidualized HESCs with or without cyclic stretch.