Determinants of latent tuberculosis infection and treatment interruption in long-term care facilities: A retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is challenging in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) residents due to the occurrence of medical complexities. However, factors associated with treatment interruption have not been extensively studied. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine LTBI-associated factors and treatment interruption in LTCF residents and employees in Taiwan. From May 2017 through September 2020, the residents and employees of 20 LTCFs in Taipei, Taiwan, were screened for LTBI by using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test. The LTBI individuals underwent directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT), including regimens of 9-month daily isoniazid (9H) and 3-month weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (3HP). All the LTBI cases were followed up till treatment completion, death, or treatment interruption. Among 2207 LTCF subjects, 16.8% had LTBI. After controlling for other covariates, residents of public facilities had a significantly higher LTBI prevalence than those of private facilities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.88). Among 264 LTBI cases receiving preventive therapy, 52 (19.7%) had treatment interruption. LTBI cases receiving 3HP were less likely to have treatment interruption than those receiving 9H (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.71). LTCF residents, particular those living in public facilities, had a high LTBI prevalence. 3HP with DOPT is considered the priority regimen for preventive therapy among LTBI cases in LTCFs.