Effective utilization of Coal Fly Ash (CFA): perspectives and opportunities in various industrial sectors and hydrocarbon extraction processes

The global ecological problem associated with the efficient utilization of coal fly ash (CFA) requires serious attention and immediate measures for its resolution. According to studies, huge volumes of CFA are generated annually, but only 25% of the waste undergoes proper disposal. To overcome this alarming situation, a focus on increasing the utilization of CFA in various industrial sectors is necessary. The potential applications of coal ash in construction, electronics, resource recovery, wastewater treatment, agriculture, and other sectors are promising and require further research. Of particular interest is the use of CFA in industrial processes for hydrocarbon extraction. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of ash, such as morphology, surface area, porosity, and chemical composition, make it suitable for various wellbore processes. Increasing the applicability of CFA in different industrial sectors and its use in hydrocarbon extraction processes would significantly enhance waste utilization levels and reduce negative impacts on the environment.