Oxidative stress in male infertility and therapeutic approach: A mini-review

Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is a major cause of male infertility. Spermatozoa are highly sensitive cells due to the vulnerability of their membrane fatty acids and the diminished antioxidant defense. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impact multiple signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal unbalance and semen quality decline. The origin of ROS is diverse, including generated normal cellular metabolism, environmental exposure, advanced paternal age and inflammation. Research has indicated that antioxidant supplementation can improve oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Moreover, it is widely known that antioxidant supplementation can enhance sperm quality and increase the pregnancy rate in couples undergoing fertility treatments. The current study highlights the deleterious effect of ROS and its impact on semen function. In addition, it contributes to the development of a clinical approach for the use of antioxidants in the management of male infertility.