Hydraulic resistances experimental and field studies of supply canals and pumping stations structures

Currently, many authors have studied the uniform axisymmetric pressure head laminar and turbulent movement of water in hydraulic smooth and rough (with uniform roughness) pipes of circular cross-section. The results obtained in the study of a plane-parallel turbulent flow in pressure canals allows here only to outline the structure of the corresponding dependencies and to clarify the simplest case of unpressurized fluid movement, when this movement can also be reduced to plane-parallel or, in other words, to movement in a canal of infinitely large width with a flat bottom. In all other cases, the only way to solve the problem is an experiment. The construction of numerous free-flow watercourses and machine canals of pumping stations requires scientifically based calculation methods.