LncRNA SNHG3 enhances BMI1 mRNA stability by binding and regulating c‐MYC: Implications for the carcinogenic role of SNHG3 in bladder cancer

The transformation of nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (BLCa) to muscle‐invasive type and distant metastasis are the two major threats to patients after surgery. Thus, it is important to identify the key genes of BLCa cell invasion and metastasis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a potential clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we verified that lncRNA SNHG3 is upregulated in human BLCa specimens and is proportional to poor clinical prognosis via a combination of bioinformatic analyses and wet bench experiments. Then, we constructed SNHG3 knockdown and overexpression cell models via lentiviral packaging and CRISPR‐Cas9 technique. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay showed that SNHG3 is distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of BLCa cell lines. In vitro assays including CCK‐8, EdU, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, and tube formation demonstrated that SNHG3 knockdown and overexpression potently inhibited and enhanced BLCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In addition, IVIS imaging revealed that SNHG3 knockdown could significantly inhibit M‐NSG mice xenograft tumor growth. Next, RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analyses and western blots indicated that SNHG3 could promote c‐MYC expression. RNA immunoprecipitation, actinomycin D assay and western blot assays suggested that SNHG3 could also bind c‐MYC protein which subsequently facilitate the stabilization of BMI1 mRNA, thus enhancing BMI1 protein level. However, SNHG3 knockdown had a slightly weaker inhibitory effect on BMI1 expression than c‐MYC knockdown. Further, in vitro assays demonstrated that BMI1 knockdown could suppress the SNHG3 activation‐induced tumor promoting effect in BLCa cells. Overall, this study has provided new insights into the potential implication of lncRNA SNHG3 in the pathogenesis of BLCa. Importantly, SNHG3/c‐MYC/BMI1 axis may be a novel target for regulating tumor growth and metastasis in BLCa patients. The schematic diagram illustrated the molecular mechanism that lncRNA SNHG3 plays an oncogenic role in BLCa: SNHG3 can stabilize BMI1 mRNA by binding to c‐MYC protein or regulating the expression of c‐MYC.