Complexity Analysis of Dynamic Cooperative Game Models for Supply Chain with the Remanufactured Products

This study focused on the supply chain within the remanufacturing production system, which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. In this case, the manufacturer is responsible for the production of new products and the remanufactured products. This system can be regarded as a coupling dynamics of the forward supply chain of Stackelberg game model. Based on the analysis, some dynamic phenomena such as bifurcation and chaos were found. Numerical simulations and the maximum Lyapunov exponent were therefore utilized to provide experimental evidence for the complicated behaviors of the system evolution. The findings of the study revealed that the equilibrium of the system can lose stability via flip bifurcation or Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and that time-delayed feedback control is appropriate for stabilizing the chaotic behaviors of the system.