Characterization of ceramic seeds with samarium-153 for use in brachytherapy

Ceramic seeds were synthesised by the sol-gel technique with Si:Sm:Ca. One sample was irradiated in the TRIGA nuclear reactor IPR-R1. After irradiation, the seeds were submitted to instrumental neutron activation analysis to determine the 153Sm concentration in weight. The same irradiated seed sample was analysed by gamma spectrometry to determine all existing radionuclides and its individual activities. A second sample was submitted to ICP-AES. A third sample was analysed by XRF spectrometry to determine qualitative chemical composition. The measured activity was due to 153Sm with a well-characterised gamma spectrum. XRF showed that there was no discrepancy in seed composition. The maximum range of beta particles from 153Sm was evaluated, as well as the total dose and dose rate on the range volume. The results are relevant for investigation of the viability of producing 153Sm radioactive seeds for use in brachytherapy.