Editing base in mouse model

Genome editing technologies enable scientists to modify DNA sequence at specific genomic loci in various cells and species. There are several editing tools, including homing endonucleases （Silva et al., 2011）, zinc finger nucleases （ZFN） （Urnov et al., 2010）, transcription activator-like effector nucleases （TALENs） （Bogdanove and Voytas, 2011）, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR） and the CRISPR-associated proteins （Cas） system （Doudna and CharDentier, 2014）.