Unraveling Crucial Mitochondria-Related Genes in the Transition from Ulcerative Colitis to Colorectal Cancer

To clarify the significance of mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (MTDEGs) in UC carcinogenesis through a bioinformatics analysis and provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with UC associated colorectal cancer. Microarray GSE37283 was utilized to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UC and UC with neoplasia (UCN). MTDEGs were identified by intersecting DEGs with human mitochondrial genes. Utilizing LASSO and random forest analyses, we identified three crucial genes. Subsequently, using ROC curve to investigate the predictive ability of three key genes. Following, three key genes were confirmed in AOM/DSS mice model by Real-time PCR. Finally, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to explore the correlation between the hub genes and immune cells infiltration in UC carcinogenesis. The three identified hub MTDEGs (HMGCS2, MAVS, RDH13) may exhibit significant diagnostic specificity in the transition from UC to UCN. Real-time PCR assay further confirmed that the expressions of HMGCS2 and RDH13 were significantly downregulated in UCN mice than that in UC mice. ssGSEA analysis revealed the hub genes were highly associated with CD56dim natural killer cells. RDH13, HMGCS2, and MAVS may become diagnostic indicators and potential biomarkers for UCN. Our research has the potential to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis in UC.