A phylogeny of species near Agrostis supporting the recognition of two new genera, Agrostula and Alpagrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Agrostidinae) from Europe

Based on a molecular DNA phylogeny of three plastid ( , intron, and ) and nuclear ITS regions investigating 32 species of Agrostidinae, we describe two new genera, with a single species and with four species; provide support for five species in a monophyletic ; and include a small sample of 12 species of a monophyletic s.s. (including the type and most species of ), that separates into two clades corresponding to A. subg. Agrostis and A. subg. Vilfa. differs from in having leaf blades with pillars of sclerenchyma which are continuous between the adaxial and abaxial surface of the blades, dorsally rounded glumes with blunt to truncate and erose to denticulate apices, florets ½ the length of the glumes, lemmas equally wide as long, widest at (or near) apex, apices broadly truncate, irregularly 5 to 7 denticulate to erose, awnless, anthers longer than the lemmas, and rugose-papillose caryopses. differs from in having geniculate basally inserted awns and truncate lemma apices with lateral veins prolonged from the apex in (2)4 setae. The following eight new combinations are made: , Agrostula truncatula subsp. durieui, , Alpagrostis alpina var. flavescens, , , Alpagrostis setacea var. flava, and . In addition, we provide a key separating and from s.s. and other genera previously considered as synonyms of ; lectotypify Scop., Jord. & Verl., Parl., and A. truncatula var. durieui Henriq.; and neotypify Curtis.