Contributing Factors to the Clinical and Economic Burden of Patients with Laboratory-Confirmed Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Infections

We explored patient- and hospital-level predictor variables for worse clinical and economic outcomes in carbapenem-nonsusceptible urinary tract infections (UTIs). We used electronic data (January 2013-September 2015; 78 US hospitals) from a large multicenter clinical database. Nonduplicate gram-negative isolates were considered carbapenem-nonsusceptible if they had resistant/intermediate susceptibility. Potential predictors of outcomes (mortality, 30-day readmissions, length of stay [LOS], hospital total cost, and net gain/loss per case) were examined using generalized linear mixed models. Significant predictors were identified based on statistical significance and model goodness-of-fit criteria. A total of 1439 carbapenem-nonsusceptible urine cases were identified. The mortality rate was 5.5%; the hospital readmission rate was 25.0%. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) LOS, total cost, and loss per case were 12 (14) days, $21,502 ($37,172), and $5828 ($26,540), respectively. Hospital-onset (vs community-onset) infection significantly impacted all outcomes: mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-4.11; =.01), 30-day readmissions (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.49-3.71;