“This is not me”; an overview

IntroductionAPA describes Gender dysphoria (GD) as the conflict between a person’s physical or assigned gender and the gender with which he/she/they identify. Recently DSM-V renamed gender identity disorder as “gender dysphoria”. This change in terminology removes the ‘pathology’ from being transgender, which is not a mental health condition.ObjectivesTo systematically summarise available evidence in this important but less researched field.MethodsA comprehensive review was carried using the PubMed/ Medline database.ResultsFormal epidemiological studies of gender dysphoria in children and adolescents have not been conducted. The true prevalence os gender dysphoria is unknown around the world because of the varying definitions, different cultural norms and lack of data. Individuals who identify as transgender are vulnerable, and have higher rates of psychiatric comorbility compared with the general population. Gender dysphoria, gender identity disorder or transsexualism is a psychological condition that requires care and multiple health professionals.ConclusionsThe natural history of gender identity for children who express gender nonconforming or transgender identities is an area of active research. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to approach these patients.