Study of the effect of irradiation (60Co) on M1 plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and determined of proper doses for mutation breeding

The objective of this study is to determine the morphological changes and the proper dose of gamma irradiation for the mutation breeding program of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The effects of different doses (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 Gy) of gamma irradiation (60Co) on seedling growth parameters and survival rates of the plants were investigated. In order to determine the proper dose and morphological changes; shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf length, chlorophyll index and number of survival plants of M1 plants were evaluated. It has been determined that the doses of gamma and the varieties used are significant on the number of surviving plants and plant growth parameters. It was determined that low doses gamma irradiation stimulatively effected on shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root fresh weight. A negative correlation were obtained between all plant growth traits and stem diameter, and the stem diameters are thickened due to the increase in gamma doses. The applications of gamma rays were effected on survival plant rate considerably than the percentage of germination. Applicable proper dose for Efsane was determined as 318.22 Gy while appropriate dose for F16 was determined as 303.17 Gy.