Analysis of Electricity Supply and Demand Balance in Residential Microgrids Integrated with Micro-CAES in Northern Portugal

As global energy demand continues to rise, integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into power systems has become increasingly important. However, the intermittent nature of RES, such as solar and wind, presents challenges for maintaining a stable energy supply. To address this issue, energy storage systems are essential. One promising technology is micro-compressed air energy storage (micro-CAES), which stores excess energy as compressed air and releases it when needed to balance supply and demand. This study investigates the integration of micro-CAES with RES in a 19-home microgrid in northern Portugal. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a microgrid configuration that includes 100 kW of solar PV, 70 kW of wind power, and a 50 kWh micro-CAES system. Using real-world data on electricity consumption and local renewable potential, a simulation is conducted to assess the performance of this system. The findings reveal that this configuration can supply up to 68.8% of the annual energy demand, significantly reducing reliance on the external grid and enhancing the system’s resilience. These results highlight the potential of micro-CAES to improve the efficiency and sustainability of small-scale renewable energy systems, demonstrating its value as a key component in future energy solutions.