Unraveling the propagation dynamics of radially polarized anomalous vortex beams in turbulent maritime atmospheres

Based on the unified theory of coherence-polarization, we utilize the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle to derive analytical expressions for the average intensity distribution of a radially polarized anomalous vortex beam (RPAVB) propagating through non-Kolmogorov maritime atmospheric turbulence. The hollow structure of the RPAVB can be sustained over long distances by manipulating the self-focusing point position, which depends on the initial beam parameters. This manipulation effectively mitigates the effect of maritime atmospheric turbulence. Additionally, the RPAVB undergoes a transition into a Gaussian form at significant distances, which can be intentionally slowed down by increasing the beam order, topological charge, beam width, or reducing the turbulent strength. •Analytical models of Average intensity for RPAVB in maritime turbulence are presented.•RPAVB’s hollow structure can be sustained over long distances.•Adjusting the self-focusing point reduces turbulence’s impact on the beam.•RPAVB’s Gaussian transition is controllable through beam parameters.•The Gaussian transition can be managed for precise beam propagation.